[Ecological study on malaria in Bandar Abbas district using geospatial information system [GIS]]

Malaria is one of the important communicable diseases in the world and it is recognized as one of the most important disease in south of Iran. This study was conducted to understand the ecology of Malaria in south of Iran, Bandar Abbas, by Geospatial Information System [GIS]. Essential parameters for modeling the local Malaria were obtained from formal centers. Afterward, mapping of the related factors were done. AHP analytical procedure was used for weighting parameters ranking and predicting model. So the endangered area mapping were generated. According to the local data and the results of this study, some predicting models could be used for predicting Malaria. Generated maps showed that endangered area and predicted models are presented for more accurate and effective malaria control programs. Prediction of Malaria and mapping endangered area is possible in south of Iran and Malaria early warning system may be established for the local health care system

[Antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli isolated from urine culture in 660 army clinical laboratory center in Tehran 2008]

Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of body infection. E.coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection both sex. For this descriptive study a total 4494 urine samples were examined during one year [2008-2009] in 660 Army Medical Laboratories. The urine cultures and Antibiogram profiles were performed by Kirby- Bauer method according to NCCLS standards. Data analyzed by SPSS software ver. 16. A total of 4494 urine samples were analyzed that out of each 456 samples were showed the significance growth. The most frequently detected gram negative bacterium was E.coli in 257 cases [10.1%]. The most antibiotic resistance rates of E.coli detected from urine culture were to Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazol and Gentamycine with 80%, 37%, 27.7% frequencies respectively. Furthermore, Norofoloxazin and Nitroforantoin had the highest sensitivity 89.6% and 89% respectively. Present findings demonstrated the significance of resistance E.coli that was detected from urine culture to various group of antibiotic drugs caused by the irregular use of antibiotics

Ups and downs of hypertension

Hypertension is a growing pandemic in the world and causes 7 million deaths annually. In Iran, about 10 million people have hypertension. Hypertension is an important risk factor for other diseases. Therefore monitoring and evaluation of blood pressure [BP] has clinical and epidemiologic importance. Although there has been lot of breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment of HTN, only few patients merit an adequate blood pressure control. On the other hand, white coat syndrome has caused an inadvertent administration of anti-hypertensive drugs, inflicting unnecessary drug complications on the patients. Therefore, constant self blood pressure measurements in home seems indispensable to achieve a true presentation of BP and subsequently a depiction of BP rises and falls though graphs. This article employed data from original articles of renowned journals and the corresponding author. Daily fluctuations of BP, nocturnal falls, heart rate fluctuations and BP rises herald crucial information regarding renal and cardiovascular accidents. BP monitoring during physical activities such as exercise stress test, reveal diseases that may be still in subclinical stages. These information are of utmost importance in prognosis and risk assessment of high risk patients with diabetes, heart failure and chronic renal disease. In addition, they could be established for recording subclinical events in occupational hazards in army personnel's, flight personnel's, military commanders, security service personnel's and other stressful professions. in this article, we established a review on the subject and a practical approach in BP monoitoring from the clinical epidemiologic prospective

[Introducing a case of brucellosis with severe septicemia and pancytopenia]

The most common symptom of brucellosis is osteoarticular manifestation. Urogenital manifestation, hepatitis, CNS and respiratory system involvement and endocarditis are also reported. Mild leucopenia with lymphocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia and seldom pancytopenia is seen. A 22-year-old man with fever and chills, abdominal pain and diarrhea came to the hospital. He had headache, malaise, anorexia and dry cough, for 2 weeks. He had no exposure to domestic animals and hadn't consumed any unpasteurized dairy. In lab data, he had leucopenia, relative lymphocytosis, anemia and thrombocytosis, wright = 1/2560, 2ME = 1/1280, Alt=193, AST=446, alkp =375. As long as the patient hadn't have any exposure to domestic animals and also hadn't consumed any unpasteurized dairy, the serology [2ME = 1/80, wright= 1/40] from outside the hospital was repeated and noted results was detected. In endemic areas, in septicemia and pancytopenia or byccytopenia setting we should consider brucellosis in differential diagnosis

rare case of caniform osteomyelitis of actinomycet due to foreign - body is reported

Actinomycosis is a slow growing infection due to gram positive, anaerobic, or microaerophilic bacteria. A 19 years old man with foot pain witch has a history of trauma last year Trauma caused a mild erythema swelling and tendernss and heald spontenously after one year he had foot pain during playing football. He didn't have fever, cell counts were normal and the MRI had abnormal signal in medial portion of left foot and bone and soft tissue inflammation, in culture from operation room actinomyces species growed. The patient didn't have mycetoma triad and actinomyces probably due to foreign body [wood] peneterated. This disease is rare and reported to increase knowledge of the system

[ review in novel pandemic H1N1 A]

After the report of suspicious cases in Mexico City in 17 April 2009, 2 cases of swine origin influenza A were confirmed in U.S.A and was a novel triple re-assortment of H1N1. This virus was transmitted from pigs to human and has high rate of transmission between humans and distributed on the world in a short time. The phase 6 th of pandemic had reported by WHO in 3 months. This article is a review study that is provided from searching in Scopus, Medline and Embase data banks and CDC and WHO sites and its information updated before publication. The Swine-origin Influenza A [H1N1] is a triple reassortment of season, birds and swine flu virus. The disease manifestation is like conventional seasonal flu. The best way of disease control is vaccine and appropriate treatment. Fortunately, the disease has a controlled condition in the world. The disease transmission is person to person via infected droplets. The pandemic rapidly happens and has sequential waves. The disease manifestation in humans varies from unmarkable disease to server pneumonia resulting in hospitalization and maybe death and generally is like season flu but with a different epidemiologic feature. The definite diagnosis is RT-PCR or cell culture from the nose pharynx, nasal, pharyngeal and nasal or tracheal wash samples. The prevention includes observing hygiene points is the most important way of pandemic control. Nowadays, two kinds of novel virus vaccine is available that include flu shot[inactived virus with intra muscular injection in deltoide] and nasal spray [live attenuated virus]. The best treatment is neuraminidase inhibitors [Oseltamivir and Zanamivir] which recommends to hospitalized high risk persons preferably in first 48 hours. Chemo prophylaxis recommends to special cases. The occurrence of novel influenza A, conventional season flu and birds flu in the world increases the rate of reassortment and puts the society at high risk. There is no appropriate antibodies against novel reassorted viruses in the society so probability of rapid progression of a new disease is high. However, people consciousness and health and cure bases readiness specially in gathering places, dormitories, schools, universities and garrisons is very important

[ review in novel pandemic H1N1 A]

Introduction: after the report of suspicious cases in Mexico City in 17 April 2009, 2 cases of swine origin influenza A were confirmed in U.S.A and was a novel triple re-assortment of H1N1. This virus was transmitted from pigs to humans and has high rate of transmission between humans and distributed on the world in a short time. The phase 6th of pandemic had reported by WHO in 3 months

Materials and Methods: this article is a review study that is provided from searching in Scopus, Medline and Embase data banks and CDC and WHO sites and its information updated before publication

Results: the Swine-origin Influenza A [H1N1] is a triple reassortment of season, birds and swine flu virus. The disease manifestation is like conventional seasonal flu. The best way of disease control is vaccine and appropriate treatment. Fortunately, the disease has a controlled condition in the world. The disease transmission is person to person via infected droplets. The pandemic rapidly happens and has sequential waves. The disease manifestation in humans varies from unmarkable disease to sever pneumonia resulting in hospitalization and maybe death and generally is like season flu but with a different epidemiologic feature. The definite diagnosis is RT-PCR or cell culture from the nose pharynx, nasal, pharyngeal and nasal or tracheal wash samples. The prevention includes observing hygiene points is the most important way of pandemic control. Nowadays, two kinds of novel virus vaccine is available that include flu shot [inactived virus with intra muscular injection in deltoide] and nasal spray [live attenuated virus]. The best treatment is neuraminidase inhibitors [Oseltamivir and Zanamivir] which recommends to hospitalized high risk persons preferably in first 48 hours. Chemo prophylaxis recommends to special cases

Conclusions: the occurrence of novel influenza A, conventional season flu and birds flu in the world, increases the rate of reassortment and puts the society at high risk. There is no appropriate antibodies against novel reassorted viruses in the society so probability of rapid progression of a new disease is high. However, People consciousness and health and cure bases readiness specially in gathering places, dormitories, schools, universities and garrisons is very important